Lipid monolayers at an air/water interface, for example lung surfactant, exhibit rich surface morphology and behavior upon compression that is tunable with temperature and composition. Monolayer collapse is an elastic instability where the film undergoes in-plane or out-of-plane displacement.

Bibliography:

• Carotenuto AR, et al. Multiscale geometry and mechanics of lipid monolayer collapse. Current Topics in Membranes. 2021;87:1-45.